2003年冬学期英語１ １年生試験問題 2004年1月28日施行
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・解答はすべて、各設問の末尾に【 】で示した、解答用紙の解答欄に記入すること。 |
［Ａ］次の文章を読んで設問に答えなさい。
(1)Hugh McIntosh［of the National Academy of Sciences writes:］
School for children of the Informafion Age will be vastly different than it was for Mom and Dad.
Interested in biology? Design your own life forms with computer simulation. Having trouble with a science project? Teleconference about it with a research scientist. Bored with the real world? Go into a virtual physics lab and rewrite the laws of gravity.
These are the kinds of (2)hands-on learning experiences schools could be providing right now. The technologies that make them possible are already here, and today's youngsters, regardless（ Ａ ）economic status, know how to use them. They spend hours with them every week --- not in the classroom, but in their own homes and in video game centers at every shopping mall.
It is always interesting to attend to the examples of learning, and the motivations that ignite them, in the songs of love that technophiles perform for us. It is, for example, not easy to imagine research scientists all over the world teleconferencing with thousands of students who are having difficulty with their science projects. I can't help thinking that most research scientists would（ ３ ）. But I find it especially revealing that in the scenario above we have an example of a technological solution to a psychological problem that would seem to be exceedingly serious. We are presented with a student who is "bored with the real world." What does it mean to say someone is bored with the real world, especially one so young? Can a journey into virtual reality cure such a problem? And if it can, will our troubled youngster want to return to the real world? Confronted（ Ｂ ）a student who is bored with the real world, I don't think we can solve the problem so easily by making available a virtual-reality physics lab.
The role that new technology should play in schools or anywhere else is something that needs to be discussed（ Ｃ ）the hyperactive fantasies of cheerleaders.（ Ｄ ） particular, the computer and its associated technologies are awesome additions to a culture, and are quite capable of altering the psychic, not to mention the sleeping, habits of our young. But like all important technologies of the past, they are Fausfian bargains, giving and taking away, sometimes in equal measure, (ア)sometimes more in one way than the other.
問１ 下線部（１）に関し、著者はどのような意図でMcIntoshを引用しているのか。その説明として最も適切なものを１つ選びなさい。解答欄【表・１】
a. The author asserts that the products of technology such as virtual reality are psychologically harmful.
b. The author assumes that despite skepticism technological improvements will finally bring about more educational opportunities.
c. The author guesses that the motives hidden behind McIntosh's praise of technology are suspicious.
d. The author is supportive of the democratic tendencies of technology which McIntosh exemplifies.
e. The author intends to play tricks on McIntosh's phrasings which suggest his optimism about technology.
問２ 下線部（２）の句の言い換えとして最も適切なものを１つ選びなさい。解答欄【表・２】
a. cutting-edge b. efficient c. practical d. sensitive e. state-of-the-art
問３ 空欄（Ａ),(Ｂ),(Ｃ),(Ｄ）に入る最も適切な単語を１つずつ書きなさい。解答欄【表・Ａ,Ｂ,Ｃ,Ｄ】
問４ 空欄（３）に入る最も適切な語句を１つ選びなさい。解答欄【表・３】
a. be more or less committed to this
b. consider this as a promising solution
c. make enormous efforts to actualize this
d. postpone this for the near future
e. put a stop to this rather quickly
問５ 下線部（ア）はどのような意味か。上に引いた文章全体の趣旨を踏まえ、かつ具体的な形で、40字前後の日本語で次の文の空欄を埋めなさい。解答欄【裏・ア〔入りきらない場合にはイの欄を使ってよい〕】
「コンピュータやそれに関連するテクノロジーは、
。」
［Ｂ］次の文章を読んで設問に答えなさい。
Humans save merely 120 kilocalories a Might (about the equivalent of an apple) by sleeping rather than staying awake. Moreover, even hibernating animals arouse themselves from（ ア ）to enter（ イ ）and then fall back into hibernation, suggesting that there is a deeper need for sleep than a mere recharging of the body's batteries.
Dennis McGinty believes part of the function of sleep is to cool off the brain. The chief of neurophysiology research at Los Angeles's Sepulveda Veterans Hospital, McGinty points to a feedback loop in the brain that seems to trigger sleep when the brain gets too hot. When provided（ Ｅ ）a bar to increase cage temperature, rats that are kept awake jack up the heat about 10 degrees Celsius. By attempting to get warmer than usual, the rats may be hoping to（ ５ ）sleep-inducing neurons.
The phenomenon also occurs in humans. "If you exercise in the extreme heat, it practically knocks you out," McGinty notes. Well-trained athletes who are able to increase their body temperature during their exercise --- unlike us weekend workout warriors --- sleep about one hour（ Ｆ ）than normal. In essence, a jump in body temperature activates heat-sensitive neurons to slow down the body's metabolism --- preferably by sleep --- and thus cool down the brain. 'The body's minimum temperature comes during the deepest sleep, typically at around 5 a.m.
But in night-sleeping mammals like us, heat regulation is mostly dictated by 24-hour circadian rhythms that carry（ Ｇ ）even if we stay awake at night.（ ６ ）of McGinty's theory add that the variation in a human's body temperature over the course of the day is slight --- about half a degree Celsius, too small to have any real effect on cooling the brain.
That is, (7)absent a fever. When we get sick, of course, we don't want to leave our beds. This has led some researchers to suggest that sleep might be a means of (ウ) boosting the immune system to ward off disease.
問１ 空欄（ア),(イ）に入る語句の組み合わせとして最も適切なものを１つ選びなさい。
〔ア-イの順〕 a. dream-torpor b. drowsiness-dream c. indolence -drowsiness
d. sleep-indolence e. torpor- sleep Mg-IN [:A - 41 r-I 2 =@M (E), (F), (G) IZ@-5 & t ?Lk4UtS *143@rl 解答欄【表・４】
問２ 空欄（Ｅ),(Ｆ),(Ｇ）に入る最も適切な単語を１つずつ書きなさい。解答欄【表・Ｅ,Ｆ,Ｇ】
問３ 空欄（５）に入る最も適切な単語を１つ選びなさい。解答欄【表・５】
a. counterbalance b. impede c. titillate d. tranquillize e. trigger
問４ 空欄（６）に入る最も適切な単語を１つ選びなさい。解答欄【表・６】
a. Advocates b. Detractors c. Devotees d. Satirists e. Saviors
問５ 下線部（７）の言い換えとして最も適切なものを１つ選びなさい。解答欄【表・７】
a. body temperature is affected by sickness
b. cooling the brain is irrelevant to having a fever
c. it is a different story when one has a fever
d. one does not have to take a fever into account
e. the brain is able to cool down a fever
問６ 下線部（ウ）を和訳しなさい。解答欄【裏・ウ】
［Ｃ］次の文章を読んで設問に答えなさい。
What made the twenties different from any previous decade in human history was the arrival in force of mass culture --- popular culture shaped by mass production, mass（ ８ ）, and mass media. And its vast power inexorably changes not only popular culture but fringe culture and high culture. Something so revolutionary could hardly have (9)taken hold without a major social cataclysm --- and indeed,（ 10 ）
In many ways, the first perfect example of a mass-culture hero was a figure from that war --- T. E. Lawrence, known as Lawrence of Arabia. The illegitimate son of a (11)delinquent Irish lord, Lawrence rose from obscurity to lead a force of Bedouin warriors in guerrilla warfare against the Turks. He became a household name in both Great Britain and the United States largely through the writings and lecture tours of the sensationalistic American journalist Lowell Thomas. But what really made Lawrence a star were the motion pictures of Thomas's cameraman, Henry Chase. For the story of Lawrence was visual, and would not have succeeded nearly so well with mass audiences (エ)if they could not actually have seen him riding camels through the desert sands and blowing up Turkish trains. Lawrence of Arabia became the first multi-media hero of a shrinking world.
問１ 空欄（８）に入る最も適切な単語を１つ選びなさい。解答欄【表・８】
a. consumption b. observation c. revolution d. speculation e. transportation
問２ 下線部（９）の意味として適切なものを１つ選びなさい。解答欄【表・９】
a. claimed its right b. established itself c. made its first appearance
d. supported itself e. taken place
問３ 空欄（10）に入るべき内容を文脈から考え、最も適切なものを１つ選びなさい。解答欄【表・10】
a. African-Americans took an international view of their own predicament during the '20s.
b. Birth of a Nation transformed a vision of history into mass mythology.
c. D.W. Griffith's film emphasized the commonality of all blood.
d. the event that shaped '20s culture was World War I.
e. the music video is a logical outgrowth of the cultural revolution launched in the '20s.
問４ 下線部（11）の意味として最も適切なものを１つ選びなさい。解答欄【表・11】
a. adventurous b. corrupt c. finious d. masculine e.reckless
問５ 代名詞が指すものを明らかにして、下線部（エ）を和訳しなさい。解答欄【裏・エ〔入りきらない場合にはオの欄を使ってよい〕】
［Ｄ］下の文章を最も適切な順序に並べ替えなさい。ただし（c）についてはあらかじめ与えられている。解答欄【表・12,13,14,15,16,17】
(a) After a while the entire diamond was swallowed and the field lights came on.
(b) But no one could think of a team prayer.
(c) By then the guys from the other outfield positions had trotted over.
(d) He lacked the sense of humor for that, lacked the perverse pride that sticking for losers season after season breeds, and the love. He was just an ordinary guy, .250 at the plate, and we stood above him not knowing what to do next.
(e) He may have been a loner, but he didn't want to be identified with a loser.
(f) So we all just stood there silently bowing our heads, pretending to pray while the shadows moved darkly across die outfield grass.
(g) Someone the shortstop probably, suggested team prayer.
(12) -- (13) -- c -- (14) -- (15) -- (16) -- (17)
［Ｅ］次の（Ｈ)−(Ｌ）のセンテンスには余分な単語が１つずつ含まれている。その単語を抜き出し、解答欄に書き入れなさい。解答欄【表・Ｈ,Ｉ,Ｊ,Ｋ,Ｌ】
（Ｈ）The final step in explaining the variation in incest taboos is to suggest that people who are very familiar with from early life are the ones who are most likely to be included in the taboo.（Ｉ）That would have account for all the strange exclusions from the possibility of marriage in the Church of England's rules. （Ｊ）The explanation that works particularly well for the societies in which the parallel cousins are prohibited but the cross cousins are favored in marriage.（Ｋ）In these cultures, the parallel cousins tend to grow up together because brothers tend to stay with brothers and few sisters with sisters.（Ｌ）The cross cousins are much less familiar with each other because brothers and sisters tend to live in different places only after marriage.
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以下、聴解問題。各問題につき放送が２回流れる。 |
［Ｆ］下の表は放送の内容をまとめたものである。放送を聴き、下の語群 a--i の中から最も適切な語を１つずつ選んで、空欄（18)-(26）に入れなさい。ただし同じ単語を２度使ってはならない。なお、放送中“this story”とあるのは、Story Yを指す。
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Story X
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Story Y
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id
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Sindbad the Seaman
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King Shahryar
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ego
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Sindbad the Porter
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Scheherazade
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There are some important differences between Story X and Story Y, which can be analyzed as follows.
| 語群 a. amiable b. capable c. explicit d. harmful e. integrated f less g. more h. split i. unchanging |
The first difference：
・The constant in Story X is less（ 18 ）than that in Story Y. 解答欄【表・18】
→King Shahryar is more（ 19 ）and less（ 20 ）than Sindbad the Seaman. 解答欄【表・19,20】
→Scheherazade is more（ 21 ）than Sindbad the Porter: 解答欄【表・21】
┌Scheherazade overcomes the King's hatred.
└Sindbad the Porter is（ 22 ）throughout the story. 解答欄【表・22】
Another difference：
・Sindbad the Seaman and Sindbad the Porter remain（ 23 ）throughout the story. 解答欄【表・23】
・King Shahryar and Scheherazade are united（ 24 ）strongly in the end than two Sind- bads. 解答欄【表・24】
・If one regards a[n]（ 25 ）personality as more gratifying, then Story X can be said to be（ 26 ）successful than Story Y. 解答欄【表・25,26】
［Ｇ］放送を聴き、空欄（カ)-(コ）を読まれた通りの語句で埋めなさい。なおいずれの空欄にも複数の単語が入る。 解答欄【裏・カ,キ,ク,ケ,コ】
Prediction means knowing what's going to happen in advance --- but of course（ カ ）. The real world is far too complex. Even（ キ ）like the weather seems like chaos to us. Still, we never stop predicting, do we?--- even though we know（ ク ）. An old Japanese saying tells us that "when the wind blows, pail sellers make money." This is supposed to （ ケ ）. But what's really funny is the fact that if we try hard enough, we can make a "logical" chain of connections between（ コ ）.
［Ｈ］本文が放送された後、以下の４つの問と、各問に関する選択肢 a--d が放送される。各問につき、本文の内容に最も合致する選択肢を a--d から１つ選びなさい。
1. What was most characteristic of old Beijing? 解答欄【表・27】
2. What did the radical socialist regime do in Beijing? 解答欄【表・28】
3. What has happened in Beijing since the days of the radical socialist regime ended? 解答欄【表・29】
4. Which summarizes best the passage you have just heard? 解答欄【表・30】
［Ｉ］放送を聴き、以下の問に答えなさい。
1. Which part of the brain is responsible for understanding jokes? 解答欄【表・Ｍ】
The part is.
2. What can we learn from the study in which a group of older people and a group of younger people were compared? Choose one. 解答欄【表・31】
a. A certain number of peo le in both groups have no sense of humour.
b. Complicated verbal jokes draw a good laugh from both groups.
c. Old people tend to appreciate jokes more than young people once jokes are understood.
d. Young people tend to enjoy a wider variety of jokes than old people.
3. What was the average age of the younger group? 解答欄【表・32】
a. high teensb. early twenties n late twenties d. early thirties
4. Which of the following statements is true according to the narrafion? Choose one. 解答欄【表・33】
a. The decline in the ability to appreciate jokes causes a serious problem in social relationships among old people.
b. A recent study shows that frequent use of verbal jokes can slow down the process of the aging of the brain.
c. The researcher says that a sense of humour improves the quality of life.
d. Stress management by jokes and huinour is essential to prolong one's life expectancy.
